The first-ever summit between the European Union and the five Central Asian republics (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) is being hailed as the start of a new era in regional relations. Leaders gathered in Samarkand committed to expanding cooperation in trade, transport, energy, and digital development.

Backed by a €12 billion investment package through the EU’s Global Gateway initiative, the effort aims to boost infrastructure and improve access to key resources. While officially framed as a push for sustainable development and regional stability, the EU’s growing engagement in Central Asia reflects more than just economic intent.

In the wake of the war in Ukraine and growing uncertainty around energy and supply chains, the EU finds itself in direct competition with powers like Russia and China. In this context, Central Asia emerges not only as a promising market but also as a strategic corridor and source of critical raw materials.

For the Central Asian states, closer ties with Europe represent a broader foreign policy strategy aimed at diversifying partnerships. In a multipolar world, regional leaders are seeking greater influence by engaging with a wider range of actors.

The Samarkand Summit may well be the foundation of stronger EU–Central Asia relations. But the durability of this partnership will depend on how effectively both sides manage their interests and navigate a complex global landscape.